wooden police truncheon wooden police truncheon

Cut files for Cricut. Used. $81.00, $90.00 TribaliumArt (2,912) $3.00 Antique Vintage Wooden Police/Security Baton Night Stick Billy Club RSDUniqueandAntique (2) $85.00 FREE shipping Fishing priest from Old Bushmills oak whiskey barrel stave Beerhillwoodwork WebIf you want to buy a truncheon, a traditional wooden British police design truncheon, youre in the right place. Does shopping on Etsy help support small businesses? Police in Washington, St. Louis, Philadelphia and Los Angeles County are also among those now working in pairs, according to The Washington Post. B20. By Max Kutner On 7/18/16 at 4:09 PM EDT. Found something you love but want to make it even more uniquely you? We also created 2.6 million jobs in the U.S.enough to employ the entire city of Houston, TX! The above truncheon is item reference U13-6. Police departments are telling officers to work in pairs and take other precautions following the killings of police in Dallas and Baton Rouge. Youll find offerings from the best manufacturers, joiners, craftworkers, timber suppliers and Ex Police Unissued Mehler Large Molle Hi Viz Baton Holder. Below this in gold is painted "1826". WebTruncheons have a colorful history, and techniques often included thrusting jabbing strikes, rapping strokes, and joint manipulation and locks, but these were often abandoned in favor of simply clobbering an opponent with a heavy strike to the head! The gunman was identified as Gavin Long, a U.S. military veteran who also died in the incident. A baton may be used in many ways as a weapon. It is carried as a compliance tool and defensive weapon by law-enforcement officers, correctional staff, security guards and military personnel. In March, prior to the most recent police killings, the NYPD released a video on its officer safety measures, saying the department was putting in place "new equipment, enhanced training and the latest technology." It is painted in dark green and has a smooth straight grip. Original Price $60.00 A turned wood truncheon with integral whistle, A William IV police painted wood truncheon, AN ARABIC TRUNCHEON with weighted end and, A heavy Manchester Special Constable police, A VICTORIAN TURNED AND PAINTED LIGNUM VITAE, Two Victorian wooden truncheons with leather, Various military items comprising a newspaper, Policeman's mahogany truncheon, printed and, Blackburn Special Constables Truncheon 1914. WebWooden Police Truncheon | R.J. Maypole. THANK YOU FOR YOUR SERVICE, and THANK YOU for your BUSINESS! Price: 125.00 Northampton County Asylum Button PT34 Those figures include five officers who were killed in Dallas on July 7 by Micah Johnson, following protests there over the officer-involved fatal shootings of two black men that week, in Baton Rouge and Falcon Heights, Minnesota. (displays a limited sampling of the millions of priced results in our database), many more examples with full details are available to our members - Learn more, A WILLIAM IV TRUNCHEON BY HIATT & CO OF BIRMINGHAM, Two Elizabeth II wooden truncheons with gilt, A Victorian policeman's truncheon painted, A Victorian policeman's truncheon, stamped. Shipping policies vary, but many of our sellers offer free shipping when you purchase from them. By Max Kutner On 7/18/16 at 4:09 PM EDT. It is painted in dark green and has a smooth straight grip. Pairing cops for now can be helpful, Taylor says, "just so officers can feel better about their job, so they can feel safer about their job. Police Departments Issuing Safety Precautions After Baton Rouge, Dallas. Officers attend a vigil in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, on July 17. $54.00, $60.00 WebPolice Truncheon A rare type of heavy wood Police truncheon, used solely by the Staffordshire Constabulary from around the early 1900's up until the 1950's. WebWooden police truncheons, parts and much more. Besides those in Boston and New York, other police departments are issuing warnings to their officers. But "the sad fact is," Taylor says, "you can't protect yourself 24/7, all of the time. Rather; it depends on your intent and what you are doing with it The classic wooden police truncheon is probably the most well-known item when it comes to police accessories. Rather; it depends on your intent and what you are doing with it Please. Learn more. Turning off personalized advertising opts you out of these sales. Learn more in our Privacy Policy., Help Center, and Cookies & Similar Technologies Policy. 26" friction lock system firmly locks baton into place while expanded! It has a coloured decoration in gold, red and green featuring The Kings Crown. Ex Police Replacement Baton Strap. Consistently earned 5-star reviews, shipped orders on time, and replied quickly to messages, Looks like you already have an account! 11490 Maxwell RoadAlpharetta, GA 30009Office Hours: M-F, 9-5 ESTPhone: 1-800-616-5305. WebWooden Police Truncheon | R.J. Maypole. Approved expandable batons may vary based on agency and location, but a commonly approved police Good news! At Wooduchoose we connect buyers with sellers of, high quality, wood products and industry related services. Rather; it depends on your intent and what you are doing with it The value of antique, art and vintage collectible items can fluctuate, and vary between trade, auction & open-market values, retail prices and insurance valuations. Ex Police Sew on 21 Baton Pouch. Easily concealable and accessable for every day carry! WebIf you want to buy a truncheon, a traditional wooden British police design truncheon, youre in the right place. 14k Gold Police Nightstick Baton Truncheon Cosh Billystick Sap Pendant Necklace, Black Covert Harness Covert Vest With CS Gas Radio Baton OCH21, KIT Design Light Blue Tactical Molle Baton Pouch, Black Leg Harness With CS Gas Baton Pouch OCH23, LB6 Genuine Peter Jones Leather 21" Baton Holder, Protec HVDU2T High Visability Overt Police and Security Equipment Harness, Genuine Ex Marine Police AEP Baton Round Pouch ARV Tactical Vest Pouch Black Gd1. ***. WebThis is a good quality original wooden Special Constabulary Presentation Truncheon. WebWooden police truncheons, parts and much more. Its also home to a whole host of one-of-a-kind items made with love and extraordinary care. Ex Police ASP 21 Rotating Baton Holder. Yes! At Wooduchoose we connect buyers with sellers of, high quality, wood products and industry related services. WebAntique Wooden Police Baton Nightstick Correctional Officer Billy Club Vintage Pre-Owned $224.99 Seller: bostonhollowrelicsnjunk (142) 100% or Best Offer +$11.45 shipping 16 watchers Sponsored Vintage MP, Wood Baton Night Stick Club 21", The Green Mile, Percy Wetmore Pre-Owned $100.00 Seller: thebestdoodle (3,207) 100% A leather mounted brass telescope, four sections, A Swiss carved wood bear model, 6.5in., solid, A 19th century sword, curved, single edged, A Victorian painted wood truncheon, painted, A VICTORIAN EBONISED TRUNCHEON gilded and, Various pen knives, a small collection of, A policeman's truncheon, knife and scabbard, A Lancashire Constabulary - motor driving, A truncheon and a bullion work velvet skull, 19th century elm truncheon with polychrome, A rubber truncheon as used by the Gestapo, A Victorian truncheon with painted decoration, SMALL LATE NINETEENTH/EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURY. Youll find offerings from the best manufacturers, joiners, craftworkers, timber suppliers and Sale Price $72.00 The above truncheon is item reference U13-6. Price: 50. Price: 125.00 Northampton County Asylum Button PT34 An expandable baton is one of the most reliable options when it comes to non-lethal self-defense weapons. While many of the items on Etsy are handmade, youll also find craft supplies, digital items, and more. Wooden police truncheon made around c1900 In good condition. Model Wooden Police Baton/Truncheon - Collectable Piece! A baton may be used in many ways as a weapon. Under Add your personalization, the text box will tell you what the seller needs to know. There was a problem subscribing you to this newsletter. WebThe collapsible police baton comes in a variety of lengths ranging from 12 to 36 inches and is a required part of a police officers duty rig. Click on the results to view more details WebThis is a good quality original wooden Special Constabulary Presentation Truncheon. Used. The traditional truncheon as once used by the British police isnt an offensive weapon per se in the UK.   United States   |   English (US)   |   $ (USD). WebTwo Victorian wooden truncheons with leatherTwo Victorian wooden truncheons with leather straps, each 38cm in length; Brass telescope by Constantine PickeringBrass telescope by Constantine Pickering & Co, a Victorian wooden truncheon, bone handled walking cane, Victorian rule and a silver mounted riding crop Premium 4140 carbon steel striking surface is virtually indestructible! WebEasy to conceal, Expandable and Collapsible Batons. As we monitor the incident in Baton Rouge, our officers are reminded to use caution and remain vigilant in their patrols. Officers attend a vigil in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, on July 17. Non Rotating Version. at the best online prices at eBay! Those measures included new bulletproof squad car doors, new bullet- and stab-resistant vests, stronger pepper spray and more guns. at the best online prices at eBay! WebThe following various British Police / Constabulary Officer's Wooden Truncheons are available to buy for 50 each. See Dsecription. Original Price $80.00 Used. The classic wooden police truncheon is probably the most well-known item when it comes to police accessories. Thirty-one law enforcement officers have died in gun-related incidents so far this year, a 72 percent increase over the 18 killed at this point last year, according to the National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial Fund, a nonprofit that maintains the national monument to fallen officers in Washington, D.C., and keeps statistics on officer deaths. Typically, orders of $35 USD or more (within the same shop) qualify for free standard shipping from participating Etsy sellers. J6. B1A HMP 21" Autolock Baton holder prison police. The classic wooden police truncheon is probably the most well-known item when it comes to police accessories. TribaliumArt (2,912) $3.00 Antique Vintage Wooden Police/Security Baton Night Stick Billy Club RSDUniqueandAntique (2) $85.00 FREE shipping Fishing priest from Old Bushmills oak whiskey barrel stave Beerhillwoodwork Gold Police Nightstick Baton, Truncheon, Cosh, Billystick, Sap Pendant Necklace, Black Nylon Molle Vest Pouch Kit With 5 Pouches Ammo Baton Taser Set 4 Grade B, White Gold Police Nightstick Baton, Truncheon, Billystick, Sap Pendant Necklace, ex police utility belt,with extendable baton pouch used very good condition, Protec B8 26" ASP Casco and Autolock police baton sleeve, Protec Overt High Vis Police Security and Close Protection Equipment Harness, Protec Police and Close Protection Covert Equipment Harness, Protec Baton and Cuffs Plain Clothes Covert Harness, HMP Baton Holder - Made in HMP Liverpool. WebA baton (also known as a truncheon or nightstick) is a roughly cylindrical club made of wood, rubber, plastic, or metal. B23. Solid steel baton expands from a compact 8 inches to 21 inches! 21" solid steel baton with foam grip handle and nylon holster! Turning off the personalized advertising setting wont stop you from seeing Etsy ads or impact Etsy's own personalization technologies, but it may make the ads you see less relevant or more repetitive. New York City Police Department Commissioner William Bratton told CBS News on Sunday that his department is keeping officers safe by arming them with smartphones that alert them to dangerous individuals. The traditional truncheon as once used by the British police isnt an offensive weapon per se in the UK. This example in a super colour is complete and in good order with a slight curve. Those partners may have their own information theyve collected about you. To enable personalized advertising (like interest-based ads), we may share your data with our marketing and advertising partners using cookies and other technologies. WebThe collapsible police baton comes in a variety of lengths ranging from 12 to 36 inches and is a required part of a police officers duty rig. 5 Ex Police Monadnock PR24 Baton Holders. Try contacting them via Messages to find out! Web* Vintage Police Truncheon - Sale Price published as a guide only. 16.25" x 1.5". Click Buy it now or Add to cart and proceed to checkout. 1576. They are typically 1940's, 1950's and 1960's. Three 19th century painted wood truncheons, A turned treen policemans truncheon, painted, A William IV batten truncheon, painted The. WebTruncheon or cudgel (wooden club, weapon of ancient man). It has a coloured decoration in gold, red and green featuring The Kings Crown. (10% off). Price 65 Free UK Postage # Buy it # Although not used any more, they are still sought after by collectors, people that want to keep a bit of history and WebFind many great new & used options and get the best deals for Model Wooden Police Baton/Truncheon - Collectable Piece! The value of antique, art and vintage collectible items can fluctuate, and vary between trade, auction & open-market values, retail prices and insurance valuations. THANK YOU FOR YOUR SERVICE, and THANK YOU for your BUSINESS! Used. Included keychain allows you constant accesswhether it be on a purse, bag, or your keys! Protec Police and Security Covert Equipment Harness Harness, New Monadnock PR-24 Polycarbonate Side Handle Baton Holder 8 Position, 14k White Gold Police Nightstick Baton Truncheon Billystick Pendant Necklace, Protec B1 21" Police Autolock Baton holder, Genuine Ex Marine Police ASP Baton & Utility Pouch Tactical Vest ARV Black Gd 1. Some have argued that it has never been safer to be a police officer. Although not used any more, they are still sought after by collectors, people that want to keep a bit of history and 16.25" x 1.5". Peter Jones ILG 21" LB6 Baton Holder Asp Monadnock Duty Belt Airsoft Type 2, Rose Gold Police Nightstick Baton, Truncheon, Billystick, Sap Pendant Necklace, Leave feedback about your eBay search experience - opens in new window or tab. Set where you live, what language you speak, and the currency you use. Stamped S.C.C (for Staffordshire County Constabulary) 15 (40cm) long and in good condition with no splits or cracks. Cut files for Cricut. Etsys 100% renewable electricity commitment includes the electricity used by the data centers that host Etsy.com, the Sell on Etsy app, and the Etsy app, as well as the electricity that powers Etsys global offices and employees working remotely from home in the US. Clip Art silhouette (eps, svg, pdf, png, dxf, jpeg). They are typically 1940's, 1950's and 1960's. $72.00, $80.00 Stamped S.C.C (for Staffordshire County Constabulary) 15 (40cm) long and in good condition with no splits or cracks. This will differ depending on what options are available for the item. Free shipping for many products! Truncheon. A12. Measuring 43cm long x 4cm wide at the widest point. Great! Price 65 Free UK Postage # Buy it # Solid steel baton expands from a compact 10 inches to 26 inches! Opens to 21" instantly and closes easily with a press of the tail end button! Cut files for Cricut. In 2020 alone, purchases on Etsy generated nearly $4 billion in income for small businesses. ***All sworn Law Enforcement Officers receive FREE engraving, (a $20 value/savings)! Ex Police ASP 21 Rotating Baton Holder. In another CBS interview, he said his plainclothes officers would "for the time being" work in uniform and those in solo patrols would "double up" because of the Dallas and Baton Rouge killings. WebAntique Wooden Police Baton Nightstick Correctional Officer Billy Club Vintage Pre-Owned $224.99 Seller: bostonhollowrelicsnjunk (142) 100% or Best Offer +$11.45 shipping 16 watchers Sponsored Vintage MP, Wood Baton Night Stick Club 21", The Green Mile, Percy Wetmore Pre-Owned $100.00 Seller: thebestdoodle (3,207) 100% Wooden police THE TOP REVIEWED SECURITY STORE: WebA baton (also known as a truncheon or nightstick) is a roughly cylindrical club made of wood, rubber, plastic, or metal. As the number of police officers killed in ambush attacks rises in a way that is "shocking and unprecedented in recent history," as the National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial Fund said in a statement, police departments around the country are putting in place measures that they hope will protect their officers. WebAntique Wooden Police Baton Nightstick Correctional Officer Billy Club Vintage Pre-Owned $224.99 Seller: bostonhollowrelicsnjunk (142) 100% or Best Offer +$11.45 shipping 16 watchers Sponsored Vintage MP, Wood Baton Night Stick Club 21", The Green Mile, Percy Wetmore Pre-Owned $100.00 Seller: thebestdoodle (3,207) 100% at the best online prices at eBay! Web2 Link Wood Chain $ 43.00; 26 X 16 Woven Wool Blend Pattern Lumbar Pillow $ 52.00; 4 Door Sideboard $ 832.00; 4 Drawer Nightstand $ 378.00; 5 Round Stoneware Bowl $ 6.00; 5 Round Stoneware Plate $ 6.00 Need Help? There are four eyes instead of two eyes when they go into a building. It was a calculated act against those who work to protect the community every single day.". Length 15 3/8 inches, weight 375g. Price: 50. With powerful tools and services, along with expert support and education, we help creative entrepreneurs start, manage, and scale their businesses. Number of bids and bid amounts may be slightly out of date. The value of antique, art and vintage collectible items can fluctuate, and vary between trade, auction & open-market values, retail prices and insurance valuations. And after the Baton Rouge killings, Louisiana State Police Colonel Michael Edmonson said in a press conference, "There is no doubt whatsoever that these officers were intentionally targeted and assassinated. 20" & 21" Baton Holder For Molle Vest Pouch Asp Monadnock Airsoft. "We are sailing in unchartered waters, and everywhere we look we're in harm's waynot just the police, but the public.". Used. WebAntique Vintage Wooden Police/Security Baton Night Stick Billy Club RSDUniqueandAntique (2) 88.63 Woodrow's Original Fish Incompacitator ClearCutConcepts (527) 36.49 Vintage US Army MP Riot Wood Stick VntgbtqCA (187) 53.98 More colours The traditional truncheon as once used by the British police isnt an offensive weapon per se in the UK. Clip Art silhouette (eps, svg, pdf, png, dxf, jpeg). WebTwo Victorian wooden truncheons with leatherTwo Victorian wooden truncheons with leather straps, each 38cm in length; Brass telescope by Constantine PickeringBrass telescope by Constantine Pickering & Co, a Victorian wooden truncheon, bone handled walking cane, Victorian rule and a silver mounted riding crop Web* Vintage Police Truncheon - Sale Price published as a guide only. Taylor, who is also a scholar-in-residence at the Caruth Police Institute, a Dallas-based think tank on police strategies, and has consulted with police departments around the country on officer safety, says having one-person cars is more efficient because there are more vehicles patrolling and available to respond to calls. Easy one-handed locking quick release expands from 7.5" to 16" in an instant! Ex Police ASP 21 Baton Pouch for 2 Kit Belt. WebFind many great new & used options and get the best deals for Model Wooden Police Baton/Truncheon - Collectable Piece! Free shipping for many products! WebA baton (also known as a truncheon or nightstick) is a roughly cylindrical club made of wood, rubber, plastic, or metal. Concealed baton ideal for investigators, off duty, and plain clothes! 10% Off ALL Police Equipment | Click Here! Send me exclusive offers, unique gift ideas, and personalized tips for shopping and selling on Etsy. (10% off), Sale Price $54.00 Measuring 43cm long x 4cm wide at the widest point. By Max Kutner On 7/18/16 at 4:09 PM EDT. High-Grade Materials: Constructed of solid steel and other high-grade materials, these non-lethal weaponsoften trusted by police departments around the countryare effective in physically stopping an assailant in their tracks, providing you with enough time to escape an assault or robbery with ease. Stamped S.C.C (for Staffordshire County Constabulary) 15 (40cm) long and in good condition with no splits or cracks. WebThe collapsible police baton comes in a variety of lengths ranging from 12 to 36 inches and is a required part of a police officers duty rig. Tube 0896 Web2 Link Wood Chain $ 43.00; 26 X 16 Woven Wool Blend Pattern Lumbar Pillow $ 52.00; 4 Door Sideboard $ 832.00; 4 Drawer Nightstand $ 378.00; 5 Round Stoneware Bowl $ 6.00; 5 Round Stoneware Plate $ 6.00 "If we're going to spew anti-cop rhetoric, anti-government rhetoric, then we have to realize there could be consequences of the type we saw in Dallas," Floyd has previously told Newsweek. This type of data sharing may be considered a sale of information under California privacy laws. "We are in perilous times at the moment," Bratton told CBS. If someone is out there to get you, he's going to get you. WebPolice Truncheon A rare type of heavy wood Police truncheon, used solely by the Staffordshire Constabulary from around the early 1900's up until the 1950's. Copyright 2023 The Home Security Superstore. No-slip grip handle makes it easy to extend with a flick of the wrist with no worries! ***. "One-person cars are just as safe as two-person cars," he says, noting that more than 90 percent of departments use one-person cars. Collectable. Try using a different browser or disabling ad blockers. WebAntique Vintage Wooden Police/Security Baton Night Stick Billy Club RSDUniqueandAntique (2) 88.63 Woodrow's Original Fish Incompacitator ClearCutConcepts (527) 36.49 Vintage US Army MP Riot Wood Stick VntgbtqCA (187) 53.98 More colours Police Departments Issuing Safety Precautions After Baton Rouge, Dallas. That is half the number who were killed in 1996, a year the FBI said had the lowest number in 20 years. Measuring 43cm long x 4cm wide at the widest point. It has a coloured decoration in gold, red and green featuring The Kings Crown. These are self-defense weapons that can be used to strike, incapacitate, and evade attackers while limiting potential harm to yourself. Clip Art silhouette (eps, svg, pdf, png, dxf, jpeg). WebThis is a good quality original wooden Special Constabulary Presentation Truncheon. WebWood Baton | Police Baton | Billy Club | Espantoon | Riot Baton | Dymondwood Baton. Expandable solid steel baton expands from a compact8 inches to 21 inches! Ex Police Monadnock Autolock Replacement Tube For Baton Holder. Often expanding to anywhere from 16 to 31 in length, these products, which come in a range of styles, lengths, and materials, are demonstrably useful non-lethal weapons that help you protect yourself while keeping your distance. They also include the shooting deaths on Sunday in Baton Rouge of three officers, identified as Corporal Montrell Jackson and Officer Matthew Gerald of the Baton Rouge Police Department, and Deputy Sheriff Brad Garafola of the East Baton Rouge Parish Sheriff's Office. Maintain a distance between you and your attacker! Our global marketplace is a vibrant community of real people connecting over special goods. THANK YOU FOR YOUR SERVICE, and THANK YOU for your BUSINESS! WebEasy to conceal, Expandable and Collapsible Batons. The above truncheon is item reference U13-6. Police Force solid steel expandable baton is used by law enforcement the world over and expands from 11" to an impressive 31". Leather. Fill out the requested information. 888. It is carried as a compliance tool and defensive weapon by law-enforcement officers, correctional staff, security guards and military personnel. Rod of the traffic police of the USSR USSR police baton. WebPolice Truncheon A rare type of heavy wood Police truncheon, used solely by the Staffordshire Constabulary from around the early 1900's up until the 1950's. Whopping 24" with simple push button retraction! WebTruncheon or cudgel (wooden club, weapon of ancient man). remembering account, browser, and regional preferences, remembering privacy and security settings, personalized search, content, and recommendations, helping sellers understand their audience, showing relevant, targeted ads on and off Etsy. This example in a super colour is complete and in good order with a slight curve. Non-Lethal: As a non-lethal weapon, an expandable baton can be wielded without the worry of causing deadly harm to an attacker. "They need to look at the rooftops, they need to look and see see who's hanging around before they go into an establishment," he says. Many sellers on Etsy offer personalized, made-to-order items. Used. TribaliumArt (2,912) $3.00 Antique Vintage Wooden Police/Security Baton Night Stick Billy Club RSDUniqueandAntique (2) $85.00 FREE shipping Fishing priest from Old Bushmills oak whiskey barrel stave Beerhillwoodwork Ex Police Peter Jones PR24 Baton Holder. ", Join half a million readers enjoying Newsweek's free newsletters. He adds that officers should recall the basics they learned in training, which they may have forgotten about after years of routine calls, and ask the community for help. An expandable baton is one of the most reliable options when it comes to non-lethal self-defense weapons. WebWooden Police Truncheon | R.J. Maypole. Click on photo for larger and other view. WebOriginal, quality 1920's standard police issue shaped truncheon but unusually turned in boxwood, a heavy light coloured wood. Take full advantage of our site features by enabling JavaScript. 1525. WebTruncheon or cudgel (wooden club, weapon of ancient man). The seller might still be able to personalize your item. Ex Police Monadnock Rotating Baton Holder. Unlike earlier killings of police officers, the most recent incidents seem to have been inspired by the anti-cop rhetoric that has been growing since the death of Trayvon Martin in 2012, which inspired the Black Lives Matter movement. Washington's Metropolitan Police Department Chief Cathy Lanier told the Post that she had also called for increased security around police buildings and parking lots and had put extra police on the street during protests. A baton may be used in many ways as a weapon. WebEasy to conceal, Expandable and Collapsible Batons. A William IV turned and painted Police truncheon, 19th century painted truncheon with crest, Three bog oak Irish truncheons carved with, Victorian turned mahogany truncheon, painted, Victorian turned wood truncheon, the black. Ex Police 2 x Baton Holder Made By ASP. Web* Vintage Police Truncheon - Sale Price published as a guide only. Used. Tube 0896 CLICK HERE A baton is an excellent self-defense weapon, a collapsible nightstick can be hidden on your person and deployed within a moments notice, allowing you to effectively incapacitate an attacker and escape to safety. 16.25" x 1.5". An expandable baton is one of the most reliable options when it comes to non-lethal self-defense weapons. Call Us: 1-800-616-5305. Copyright 1995-2023 eBay Inc. All Rights Reserved.