which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct? which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct?

b. essentialism. It is the largest part of the diencephalon and serves as a relay station to all the main sensory tracts (except the olfactory pathways). d. Racism resides in the individual conscience only. c. less communal than traditionally titled women. Competence. d. The majority of teen magazines for girls focus on self and career development more than on Race and ethnicity shape internal and external perceptions of a group. c. Asian Americans b. eugenics. Which statement about Theodor Adorno's research would Adorno most agree with? What is this scenario an example of? The figure shows links between the social category of college professors and its stereotypes as a type of neural network or schema. d. Jennifer Lee, Who argued that by the 1980s the economic conditions of Blacks had become central to their life chances? Southern and Eastern Europe. a. displacement Early experiences of failure increase an individual's sense of competence. There are more sexual terms associated with males than with females. The participants were shown the list of all the statements that had been made, along with the pictures of each of the discussion group members, and were asked to indicate who had made each of the statements. Fyock, J., & Stangor, C. (1994). In this case, categorization into two groupsthe short lines group and the long lines groupproduced a perceptual bias such that the two groups of lines were seen as more different than they really were. Adults tend to stereotype infants but not older children. The genome between socially constructed racial groups is 99.5%-99.9% identical; the 0.1%-0.5% variation between any two unrelated individuals is greatest between individuals in the same racial . c. as active, mature adults The social psychologist John Bargh once described stereotypes as cognitive monsters because their activation was so powerful and because the activated beliefs had such insidious influences on social judgment (Bargh, 1999). There is a correlation between how group members perceive the stereotypes of their own groups and how people from other groups perceive those same stereotypes (Judd & Park, 1993; Swim, 1994). The terms "hag," "wicked old witch" and "old maid" are examples of: Which of the following statements about TV depiction of older adults is/are true? b. Furthermore, the categories are arranged such that the responses to be answered with the left and right buttons either fit with (match) the stereotype or do not fit with (mismatch) the stereotype. 4 You are polite and civil to people you dislike. d. Loyalty e. All of the above are. This is an example of 3 His remark is based on a stereotype. 262 courses. And which groups we use in social categorization can change over time and in different situations. b. The game is very close. d. the cultural inferiority of blacks, In 2017, among full-time workers, which group has the lowest weekly earnings? b. Implicit association procedures such as the IAT show that even participants who claim that they are not prejudiced do seem to hold cultural stereotypes about social groups. c. racializing. Psychological Review, 100(1), 109128. Making things even more difficult, stereotypes are strongest for the people who are in most need of changethe people who are most prejudiced (Lepore & Brown, 1997). (1992). It has been argued that there is a kernel of truth in most stereotypes, and this seems to be the case. a. modern sexism. 17. The three financial statements are: (1) the Income Statement, (2) the Balance Sheet, and (3) the Cash Flow Statement. Psychological Science, 14(5), 516519. A. social inequality Outgroup homogeneity occurs in part because we dont have as much contact with outgroup members as we do with ingroup members, and the quality of interaction with outgroup members is often more superficial. a. create massive numbers of jobs. c) Secondary research is quicker than primary research. a. had developed cultural differences but were essentially very similar. Generics express generalizations, but unlike quantified statements, generics do not carry information about how many members of the kind or category have the property. ", Which of the following language practices directly reflect the belief of male as normative? c. poverty True 3 We are more likely to attribute another's behavior to internal rather than to situational causes. We begin to respond to members of stereotyped categories as if we already knew what they were like. The Implicit Association Test at age 7: A methodological and conceptual review. This statement best reflects: d. pluralism. 2 You believe that reality TV is for morons but are addicted to American Idol and watch every episode. b. Europeans. Want to create or adapt books like this? Simplify the answer when possible . The IMA's Statement of Ethical Professional Practice includes all but which of the following broad categories? Richeson, J. 3989). Prejudice refers to an unjustifiable negative attitude toward an outgroup. I am grateful to those who offered detailed and thoughtful comments in response to my study (Sullins, 2022b).Rosik's hopeful call for renewed scientific rigor in the study of sexual orientation change efforts (SOCE) contrasts sharply with comments from four other teams of scholars, each of which I respond to individually below.Blosnich et al.'s and Rivera and Beach's detailed analyses . In one of the experimental conditions, participants simply saw six lines, whereas in the other condition, the lines were systematically categorized into two groupsone comprising the three shorter lines and one comprising the three longer lines. B. (2002). Research has found that stereotype threat is caused by both cognitive and affective factors. Which of the following statements best represents variation in racial and ethnic identification across countries? Research suggests that we are more easily influenced by an attractive speaker than by an unattractive speaker. Contemporary research uses self-report methods when there is a question over people's ability to rate their attitudes accurately. d. often understand it as a compliment, since it is often meant as a compliment. Now, rather than perceiving themselves as members of two different groups (men versus women), John and Sarah might suddenly perceive themselves as members of the same social category (students at their college). To get around this problem, social psychologists make use of a number of techniques that help them measure these beliefs more subtly and indirectly. In the climate of great uncertainty characterizing the COVID-19 pandemic, health communication played a significant role: several communicative strategies and channels were used to inform, educate and alert. Which of the following statements about categorization in humans is FALSE? A developmental intergroup theory of social stereotypes and prejudice. He decides not to rent his house to the first applicant simply because he is Arab American and rents it to the second applicant, who is white. b. discriminating. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 797811. The results of Crandall's studies on bulimia in sororities are consistent with which of the following statements? A. permanent c. segregation. c. Cubans When we know that we need to control our expectations so that we do not unintentionally stereotype the other person, we may try to do sobut doing so takes effort and may frequently fail (Macrae, Bodenhausen, Milne, & Jetten, 1994). c. Although adults apply gender stereotypes to children, these stereotypes are different from the Patricia Linville and Edward Jones (1980) gave research participants a list of trait terms and asked them to think about either members of their own group (e.g., Blacks) or members of another group (e.g., Whites) and to place the trait terms into piles that represented different types of people in the group. a. intelligence females as caregivers and males as workers." Linville, P. W., & Jones, E. E. (1980). Without power, the fish in the fish tanks at each store will die. b. African Americans Other activities can be carried out by either physicians or paramedics. And self-fulfilling prophecies are ubiquitouseven teachers expectations about their students academic abilities can influence the students school performance (Jussim, Robustelli, & Cain, 2009). Estimate with 90% confidence the number of American adults who were working full time. Swim, J. K. (1994). x+31=2(x32)6x. We actively categorize not only objects, but also ideas and events. Ethnicity bases classification on physical features. Account. Shelley Taylor and her colleagues (Taylor, Fiske, Etcoff, & Ruderman, 1978) showed their research participants a slide and tape presentation of three male and three female college students who had supposedly participated in a discussion group. B. in-group bias Psychological Science, 16(3), 175179. a. Athleticism of female athletes tends to be overemphasized. c. Asian women use of beauty products. a. Asian American women over age 35 Despite the increased participation of women in sports, female athletes continue to be A social psychologist who is within earshot jots down a note so she can use the example in class. c. her lack of makeup and jewelry opacity oral histories presenter CC BY-NC-ND 2.0. This is an example of b. benevolent; hostile a. a. D. slow. b. Which of the following statements are accurate? When a minority member experiences a microaggression, they c. racialization. xiyi132735411514. More than three-quarters of the nearly 59 million immigrants admitted to the United States since 1965 have been from b. portrayal of gender-based social roles a. ______ is a socially constructed category based on the belief in fundamental human differences associated with physical characteristics and ancestry. Belinda is part of a jury that is split evenly between those who feel the defendant is guilty and those who feel the defendant is not guilty. De facto segregation, or segregation "in fact," was completely eliminated. One of the long-standing puzzles in the area of academic performance concerns why Black students perform more poorly on standardized tests, receive lower grades, and are less likely to remain in school in comparison with White students, even when other factors such as family income, parents education, and other relevant variables are controlled. A common strategy for gaining compliance used by car salespeople is the door-in-the-face technique. Tajfel, H., & Wilkes, A. L. (1963). In several forms of media men are more likely than women to be depicted in work-related II. Are Hispanics white or nonwhite? Therefore, he does a. prejudice. d. Neither of the above, The birth congratulations card study found that d. depiction of female communion and male agency, Currently, nearly equal numbers of females and males appear as central characters in: Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 7, 335. c. color-blind racism, unlike overt racism, is not psychologically damaging to racial minorities. b. girls, more than boys, were described as "little." Categorical and contextual bases of person memory and stereotyping. b. Martin Luther King Jr. Review the ways that stereotypes influence our behavior. The bogus pipeline procedure suggests that people may frequently mask their negative beliefs in publicpeople express more prejudice when they are in the bogus pipeline than they do when they are asked the same questions more directly. d. Multiculturalism. In other cases, stereotypes are maintained because information that confirms our stereotypes is better remembered than information that disconfirms them. A white person tells an Asian American person that they "speak good English." c. Africa. Stereotype threat and the intellectual performance of African Americans. The Energy Policy and Conservation Act, as amended (``EPCA''), prescribes energy conservation standards for various consumer products and certain commercial and industrial equipment, including residential clothes washers (``RCWs''). a. Mexicans Which of the following statements concerning women's participation in sports is/are true? Scientific American, 223, 96102. b. African Americans Which of the following statements concerning minority groups is true? c. There is no such thing as racial microaggressions. c. across countries, men showed stronger hostile sexism than women did. a. there are no differences in the stereotypes applied to working-class and middle-class women. Because our stereotypes are activated spontaneously when we think about members of different social groups, it is possible to use reaction-time measures to assess this activation and thus to learn about peoples stereotypes and prejudices. c. Ireland; rural d. hostile; benevolent, ____ percent of men surveyed in 1977 felt women should tend to the children and home while For instance, in one version of the IAT, participants are shown pictures of men and women and also shown words related to gender stereotypes (e.g., strong, leader, or powerful for men and nurturing, emotional, or weak for women). Hirschfeld, L. (1996). d. displacement. QUICKBOOKSADVANCE EXAM SECTION 1. Of course, using social categories will only be informative to the extent that the stereotypes held by the individual about that category are accurate. Given are five observations for two variables, x and y. xi12345yi3751114\begin{array}{r|rrrrr} . c. Brown v. Board of Education Content and application inaccuracy in social stereotyping. Even groups who typically enjoy advantaged social status can be made to experience stereotype threat. Johns, M., Schmader, T., & Martens, A. Scientists today dispute the theory that races have significant genetic differences. If police officers were actually not that knowledgeable about the city layout, then using this categorization would not be informative. At a 0.11%0.11 \%0.11% rate of interest, what is the amount of money U.S. taxpayers are losing per year because of these $45\$ 45$45 million in counterfeit notes? C. The genetic diversity between races is greater than the genetic diversity within them.D. 12 percent c. The New York Times now publishes announcements of same-sex weddings and commitment This shows that 4 "She did a good job because she's talented. Social categorization influences our perceptions of groupsfor instance, the perception of outgroup homogeneity. c. 74; 42 Stereotypes and prejudice may create discrimination. Furthermore, aspects of language, such as accent, play a crucial role in the . A., & Shelton, J. N. (2003). Once the generator is connected, their stores have the power restored and the fish are saved. This difference is an example of d. none of the above. Although Gkn has been shown to predict important life outcomes, only a few standardized tests measuring Gkn exist, especially for the adult population. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87(1), 522. Group socialization and prejudice: The social transmission of intergroup attitudes and beliefs. In several forms of media there is a greater emphasis on female than male appearance. focused on ethnic minority women. b. stereotyping. d. honesty is one trait more strongly associated with working-class than middle-class women. \hline \boldsymbol{y}_i & 3 & 7 & 5 & 11 & 14 b. Mexico But research has found that stereotypes are often used out of our awareness, which makes it very difficult for us to correct for them. Self-report measures can be affected by people's desire to state socially desirable attitudes. c. Mrs. Jane Collins-Sullivan c. the social categorization perspective. b. Latinas b. Racist views distinguishing the descendants of Europeans from those of Africans became central to European racist attitudes. a. a. new immigrant groups assume the attitudes and language of the dominant community. I codes "social" when the thrust of the datum dealt with relationships. d. laws granting relief from discrimination and segregation, beginning in the 1950s, Industrial development in the North of the United States, combined with the mechanization of agriculture in the South, produced a progressive movement of _______ northward starting at the beginning of the twentieth century. Bargh, J. d. pluralism. Taylor, S. E., Fiske, S. T., Etcoff, N. L., & Ruderman, A. J. 15. Ann Hopkins filed a lawsuit against Price Waterhouse asserting that her promotion for b. (1978). \boldsymbol{x}_{\boldsymbol{i}} & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 \\ Which of these four statements about self-report measures of attitude are correct? San Diego, CA: Elsevier Academic Press. Denying Francisco a raise is an example of c. patterns of discrimination are easily fixed by individuals. The basic assumption is that if two concepts are associated or linked, they will be responded to more quickly if they are classified using the same, rather than different, keys. ceremonies doi: 10.1111/j.17519004.2010.00306.x. social loafing A. acting with prejudice The Congressional Research Service estimates that at least $45\$ 45$45 million of counterfeit U.S. $100\$ 100$100 notes produced by the North Korean government are in circulation. d. displacement. Tetlock, P. E., & Mitchell, G. (2008). b. Well-meaning comments are never insulting. (B) Policy dividends affect the cost of virtually all insurance policies issued today. In this procedure, the experimenter first convinces the participants that he or he has access to their true beliefs, for instance, by getting access to a questionnaire that they completed at a prior experimental session. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28(5), 659670. Although thinking about others in terms of their social category memberships has some potential benefits for the person who does the categorizing, categorizing others, rather than treating them as unique individuals with their own unique characteristics, has a wide variety of negative, and often very unfair, outcomes for those who are categorized. Using our stereotypes to size up another person might simply make our life easier (Macrae, Bodenhausen, Milne, & Jetten, 1994). In recent years gay and lesbian characters increasingly have been featured in mainstream TV, Stereotypes are often easy to change when there is evidence that contradicts a belief. d. Black women under age 35, Compared to 30 years ago, modern children's school textbooks: Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 4(10), 807820. c. working-class women are perceived more positively than are middle-class women. The nature of prejudice. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Ethnicity bases classification on physical features. c. William Julius Wilson d. Donald Trump's presidency is seen as a new era of overt racism. a. her "macho" style a. social role theory. d. all of the above. relationships and domestic topics. 2 A girl marries the boy next door. Categorization of individuals on the basis of multiple social features. a. only prejudiced people will discriminate. c. serve to maintain the power imbalance between women and men. c. ethnicity. And when we are distracted or under time pressure, these tendencies become even more powerful (Stangor & Duan, 1991). Survey 2 is either a 15-statement integrity survey adapted from Becker and Ulstad's (2007) 20-statement survey or a 14-statement driving skill survey adapted from Clapp et al. One problem is that social categorization distorts our perceptions such that we tend to exaggerate the differences between people from different social groups while at the same time perceiving members of groups (and particularly outgroups) as more similar to each other than they actually are.